{"id":51,"date":"2020-06-02T13:37:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T10:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/02\/akilli-yatirimci-kitabindan-kesitler\/"},"modified":"2024-06-27T22:25:50","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T19:25:50","slug":"akilli-yatirimci-kitabindan-kesitler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/02\/akilli-yatirimci-kitabindan-kesitler\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 Kitab\u0131ndan Kesitler"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Qd_2QSRTNSo\/XtYrrhOHIEI\/AAAAAAAAAUA\/l6fFhB1e0wsYsaDRvRkP9N27Z4bxOkxvACK4BGAsYHg\/1623528_c7ac0e13480938e4587a105e3a5f226b.jpg?ssl=1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1182\" data-original-width=\"770\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Qd_2QSRTNSo\/XtYrrhOHIEI\/AAAAAAAAAUA\/l6fFhB1e0wsYsaDRvRkP9N27Z4bxOkxvACK4BGAsYHg\/w260-h400\/1623528_c7ac0e13480938e4587a105e3a5f226b.jpg?resize=260%2C400&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"260\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana; font-size: small;\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana; font-size: small;\">Warren Buffett&#8217;\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak etkilendi\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenlik marj\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n fikir babas\u0131 Benjamin Graham&#8217;\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ak\u0131ll\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fim k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 toparlad\u0131m. Ara s\u0131ra hat\u0131rlamakta fayda var.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Keyifli okumalar.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bay Tutumlu<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span><a name='more'><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<p>Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, Benjamin Graham Bir i\u015f kolunun fiziksel b\u00fcy\u00fcmesindeki a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belli olanaklar, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in yine a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belli k\u00e2rlara yans\u0131m\u0131yor. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 12, loc. 177-177&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yat\u0131r\u0131m sanat\u0131n\u0131n genelde k\u0131ymeti bilinmeyen bir niteli\u011fi vard\u0131r. S\u0131radan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 fazla gayret g\u00f6stermeden ve fazla kabiliyete gereksinimi olmadan g\u00f6rkemli olmasa da takdire de\u011fer bir sonuca ula\u015fabilir. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 14, loc. 206-208&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yat\u0131r\u0131m program\u0131n\u0131za sadece &#8220;biraz daha&#8221; bilgi ve kurnazl\u0131k katmaya kalkarsan\u0131z, normal sonu\u00e7lardan biraz daha iyi bir sonuca ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131za daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011finizi g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 14, loc. 209-210&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;Kapsaml\u0131 bir analizin, anapara g\u00fcvencesi ve yeterli bir tutarda getiri \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015flem, bir yat\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131ma uymayan di\u011fer t\u00fcm i\u015flemler spek\u00fclatiftir.&#8221; Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 16, loc. 243-244 Esas\u0131nda &#8220;dikkatsiz yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131&#8221; deyimi, &#8220;savurgan pintiler&#8221; deyimi kadar \u00e7eli\u015fkili ve sa\u00e7mad\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 17, loc. 258-259&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Savunmac\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, kendisini uzun bir faaliyet k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve kuvvetli mali yap\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fine sahip olan \u00f6nemli \u015firketlerle k\u0131s\u0131tlamal\u0131d\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 26, loc. 394-395&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu ink\u00e2r edilemez ger\u00e7ekleri temel alan bir\u00e7ok finansal uzman, enflasyonist ortamda tahvillerin tercih edilmemesi gerekti\u011fini ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hisse senedinin do\u011fas\u0131 itibariyle tahvilden daha cazip bir yat\u0131r\u0131m oldu\u011funu savunuyor. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 33, loc. 495-497&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n bir hisse senedine \u00f6deyece\u011fi fiyata, \u015firketin belli bir zaman s\u00fcresi, \u00f6rne\u011fin yedi y\u0131l, i\u00e7indeki ortalama k\u00e2rlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmesi gerekir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n, bu t\u00fcr ortalama k\u00e2rlar\u0131n 25 kat\u0131 ve son oniki ayl\u0131k ortalama k\u00e2rlar\u0131n da 20 kat\u0131ndan az olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyoruz. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 69, loc. 1044-1045&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;Bug\u00fcne kadar hi\u00e7 kimse, menkul k\u0131ymet fiyatlar\u0131na ne olursa olsun, dolar maliyeti ortalamas\u0131 kadar g\u00fcvenilir bir form\u00fcl bulamad\u0131.&#8221; Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 71, loc. 1088-1089&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sat\u0131n al\u0131nacak menkul k\u0131ymetler ve ama\u00e7lanan getiri oranlar\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n mali kaynaklar\u0131na de\u011fil bilgi, deneyim ve tutum gibi finansal malzemesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 74, loc. 1133-1135&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">E\u011fer iyi se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir grup hisse senedi uzun vadede memnun edici bir getiri vermi\u015fse bu yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n &#8220;g\u00fcvenli&#8221; oldu\u011fu ispatlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 76, loc. 1153-1154&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ak\u0131ll\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 i\u00e7in ilk gereken \u015fey, bo\u011fa piyasalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yeni halka arzlar\u0131 satan sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tezgahtarl\u0131klar\u0131na, yaltaklanmalar\u0131na direnme yetene\u011fidir. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 87, loc. 1334-1336&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vasat d\u00fczeydeki bir ak\u0131ll\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fcme hisseleri alarak, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir gayret sonras\u0131nda bile, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bu alanda uzmanla\u015fan yat\u0131r\u0131m kurumlarmdan daha iyi sonu\u00e7lar elde edece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir neden yok. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 93, loc. 1413-1415&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yani piyasa fiyat\u0131 ortalama hisse ba\u015f\u0131 k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n 25 kat\u0131ndan fazla olan ka\u011f\u0131tlar al\u0131nmamal\u0131. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 93, loc. 1420-1421&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Buradaki temel unsur, hisse senedi piyasas\u0131n\u0131n, her hangi bir yasal takibata konu olan ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 satma e\u011filimidir. Eski bir Wall Street deyi\u015fi &#8220;Daval\u0131 bir \u015firketi asla almay\u0131n.&#8221; der. Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7abucak de\u011ferlenmesini hedef alan bir spek\u00fclat\u00f6r i\u00e7in do\u011fru bir \u00f6neridir. Ama genel kitlenin de bu tutumu benimsemesi ve etkilenen menkul k\u0131ymetler \u00fczerinde olu\u015facak bu t\u00fcr bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131, fiyatlar\u0131 haddinden fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutaca\u011f\u0131ndan, elbet kelepir f\u0131rsatlar yaratacakt\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 106, loc. 1624-1627&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Agresif yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n menkul k\u0131ymet de\u011ferleri hakk\u0131nda, menkul k\u0131ymet faaliyetlerini bir ana i\u015f kolu olarak g\u00f6recek kadar bilgisi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu felsefede, pasif ve agresif aras\u0131nda bir orta yol i\u00e7in yer yoktur. Bir\u00e7ok, belki de \u00e7o\u011fu yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 kendisini bu yelpazenin ortas\u0131nda g\u00f6rmek ister ki bu bizim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fczde ha\u015fandan ziyade d\u00fc\u015f k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratacak bir uzla\u015fmad\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 107, loc. 1633-1636&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ayn\u0131 zamanda, e\u011fer dikkatini daha \u00e7ok, piyasa fiyat\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek amac\u0131yla zamanlamada toplarsa, bir spek\u00fclat\u00f6r olup \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131ndan ve sonu\u00e7ta da spek\u00fclat\u00f6r sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 elde edece\u011finden de eminiz. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 112, loc. 1709-1711&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, hisse senedi piyasas\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda en az\u0131ndan bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sahibi olma zorunlulu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda ikna edilmi\u015ftir ve arac\u0131 kurumlarm veya yat\u0131r\u0131m hizmetleri sunan di\u011fer kurumlarm tahminlerinin kendisininkinden daha iyi olaca\u011f\u0131na inanmaktad\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 112, loc. 1716-1718&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ortalama bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n, kendisinin de bir bireyi oldu\u011fu kitleden, halktan daha iyi tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fctebilece\u011fi varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ne deneyim ne de mant\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir temeli yoktur. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 113, loc. 1723-1725&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ciddi bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, hisse senedi piyasas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck, hatta ayl\u0131k oynamalar\u0131n\u0131n onu zengin veya fakir k\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilir. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 118, loc. 1809-1810&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Di\u011fer tarafta, hisse senedi sahibi, elinde \u00fczerinde \u015firketin ismi yazan bir sertifika bulundurmaktad\u0131r. Bu sertifika (hisse senedi), piyasa a\u00e7\u0131kken saniye saniye oynayan fiyatlardan istendi\u011fi anda birka\u00e7 dakika i\u00e7erisinde sat\u0131labilir ve bu fiyat\u0131n \u015firketin bilan\u00e7osuyla genellikle hi\u00e7bir al\u00e2kas\u0131 yoktur. Hisse senedi piyasas\u0131n\u0131n son yirmi otuz y\u0131ll\u0131k geli\u015fimi, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131y\u0131 daha \u00e7ok fiyat kotasyonlar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve kendisini hisse senetlerinin sahibi oldu\u011fu \u015firketin bir orta\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmesi olgusunu iyice azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedeni, hisse senetlerine sahip oldu\u011fu ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketlerin hisse fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n, genellikle net aktif de\u011ferlerinin (veya defter de\u011feri, veya &#8220;bilan\u00e7o de\u011feri&#8221;) \u00fczerinde prim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 bu piyasa primlerini \u00f6demekle i\u015fi bir bak\u0131ma \u015fansa b\u0131rakmakta ve hisse senedi piyasas\u0131n\u0131n kendisinin onu hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemektedir. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 120, loc. 1829-1836&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir hisse senedi, sadece defter de\u011ferine yak\u0131n bir yerlerde i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsa, iyi bir yat\u0131r\u0131m oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Buna ek olarak, bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 memnun edici bir fiyat kazan\u00e7 oran\u0131na, yeteri kadar kuvvetli bir mali yap\u0131ya ve kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n y\u0131llar boyu korunabilece\u011fi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmal\u0131d\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 122, loc. 1857-1859&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hisse senedi, asla y\u00fckseldi diye al\u0131nmamal\u0131 ve asla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc diye sat\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 129, loc. 1964-1964&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;Asla \u00f6nemli bir y\u00fckseli\u015ften hemen sonra alma ve asla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften hemen sonra satma.&#8221; Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 129, loc. 1965-1965&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir hissedar yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ona \u00f6denen k\u00e2r paylar\u0131 ve genel piyasa de\u011ferinin uzun vadedeki trendi ile \u00f6l\u00e7er. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 129, loc. 1969-1970&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. Yeterli miktarda b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck. 2. Yeterli mali kuvvet. 3. En az\u0131ndan son 20 y\u0131l boyunca kesintisiz k\u00e2r pay\u0131 \u00f6demi\u015f olmak. 4. Son on y\u0131lda zarar g\u00f6stermemi\u015f olmak. 5. Hisse ba\u015f\u0131 k\u00e2rlar\u0131n son on y\u0131lda en az\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7te bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmas\u0131. 6. Hisse senedi fiyat\u0131n\u0131n, net aktif de\u011ferinin l1\/2 kat\u0131ndan daha fazla olmamas\u0131. 7. Hisse senedi fiyat\u0131n\u0131n, son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n ortalama kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n 15 kat\u0131ndan daha fazla olmamas\u0131. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 195, loc. 2983-2984&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir sanayi \u015firketi i\u00e7in en az 100 milyon dolarl\u0131k sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 olan ve kamu hizmetleri \u015firketleri i\u00e7in de en az 50 milyon dolarl\u0131k toplam aktiflere sahip olan \u015firketleri &#8220;yeterli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde b\u00fcy\u00fck&#8221; sayabiliriz. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 197, loc. 3015-3016&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yeterli Mali Kuvvet Sanayi \u015firketleri i\u00e7in cari aktifler, cari pasiflerin en az iki kat\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. (ikiye-bir car\u0131 oran\u0131); Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 197, loc. 3017-3018&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kamu hizmetleri \u015firketleri i\u00e7in, bor\u00e7 miktar\u0131, \u00f6zvarl\u0131klar\u0131n (defter de\u011feri) iki kat\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memelidir. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 197, loc. 3019-3020&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k \u0130stikrar\u0131 \u015eirket son 10 y\u0131l\u0131n her birinde k\u00e2r g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00e2r Pay\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131tma Sicili Son 20 y\u0131lda kesintisiz olarak her y\u0131l k\u00e2r pay\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yapan \u015firketler se\u00e7ilmelidir. K\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k B\u00fcy\u00fcmesi Son on y\u0131lda, ba\u015ftaki ve sondaki \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, hisse ba\u015f\u0131 k\u00e2rlarda en az \u00fc\u00e7te bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6stermi\u015f olma \u015fart\u0131 aranmal\u0131d\u0131r. Il\u0131ml\u0131 Bir Fiyat\/Kazan\u00e7 Oran\u0131 Mevcut fiyat, son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n ortalama k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n 15 kat\u0131ndan fazla olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 197, loc. 3020-3028&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Genel kural olarak, fiyat\/kazan\u00e7 oran\u0131 ile fiyat\/defter de\u011feri oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 22.5&#8217;i ge\u00e7memesi gerekir. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 198, loc. 3031-3032&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">GENEL YORUMLAR: Bu kurallar \u00f6zellikle savunmac\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n gereksinim ve davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine g\u00f6re geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fekilde, portf\u00f6y i\u00e7in aday olabilecek bir\u00e7ok hisse senedi elimine olacakt\u0131r. \u0130lk ba\u015fta, (1) \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, (2) nispeten daha zay\u0131f mali yap\u0131s\u0131 olan, (3) son y\u0131l i\u00e7inde zarar eden ve (4) kesintili olarak k\u00e2r pay\u0131 \u00f6deyen \u015firketler devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalacakt\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 198, loc. 3033-3036&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burada ak\u0131ll\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 ders, e\u011fer \u00e7ok kelepir fiyatlar yakalanmazsa (sadece giri\u015fimci yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 i\u00e7in), ikinci kalite ka\u011f\u0131tlardan uzak durmakt\u0131r. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 221, loc. 3375-3376&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ortalama bir hisse senedi al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike, iyi bir \u015firketi y\u00fcksek fiyattan almak de\u011fildir. Y\u0131llar boyunca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6zlemlerde, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n olumlu piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalite hisse almalar\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendik. Benjamin Graham, Ak\u0131ll\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, pg. 273, loc. 4183-4185<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Warren Buffett&#8217;\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak etkilendi\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenlik marj\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n fikir babas\u0131 Benjamin Graham&#8217;\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ak\u0131ll\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fim k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 toparlad\u0131m. Ara&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[5,4,15],"tags":[35],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-borsa","category-hisse-senedi","category-yatirim","tag-kitap","entry","double"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":865,"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baytutumlu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}